About Cephalosporins :
Cephalosporins are a large group of antibiotics. Cephalosporins are bactericidal, which kill bacteria. And cephalosporins block the activity of enzymes responsible for making peptidoglycan, an important component of the bacterial cell wall. Cephalosporins are called broad-spectrum antibiotics. Cephalosporins are called broad-spectrum antibiotics because they are effective against a wide range of bacteria.
Cephalosporins Uses :
Cephalosporins are used to treat infections caused by bacteria, such as -
• Upper respiratory tract infection
• Bone infections
• Skin infections
• Ear infection (eg, otitis media)
• Urinary tract infections.
Cephalosporins Types :
There are five "generations" of cephalosporins, the cephalosporins that each generation differs slightly in its antibacterial spectrum.
First Generation Cephalosporins -
The first generation cephalosporins are against gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococci and streptococci and have little activity against gram-negative bacteria.
First generation cephalosporins such as -
• Cephalexin,
• Cefadroxil,
• Cefazolin (IV / IM).
Second Generation Cephalosporins -
Second generation cephalosporins are more active against gram-negative bacteria and with less activity against gram-positive bacteria.
Second generation cephalosporins such as -
Third Generation Cephalosporins -
The third generation cephalosporins followed the second generation cephalosporins. Third-generation cephalosporins do not cure all infectious disease scenarios.
Third Generation Cephalosporins such as -
Fourth Generation Cephalosporins -
Fourth generation cephalosporins are st -ructurally related to third generation cephalosporins. Fourth-generation cephalosporins with an additional ammonium group allow them to rapidly penetrate through the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, thereby increasing their activity. It is active against producing β-lactamases.
Fourth Generation cephalosporins have excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, penicillin-resistant pneumococci, and viridans group streptococci.
Fourth generation cephalosporins such as -
• Cefpirome
Fifth Generation Cephalosporins -
Ceftaroline is the only fifth generation cephalosporin. It is active against gram positive bacteria and active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It is effective against susceptible gram-negative bacteria.
Fifth generation cephalosporins such as -
• Ceftaroline