Endocrine Diseases (एंडोक्राइन रोग) वे रोग हैं जो एंडोक्राइन सिस्टम की ग्रंथियों (glands) में समस्या के कारण होते हैं।
- Endocrine system में pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads (ovaries/testes) शामिल हैं।
- ये ग्रंथियाँ hormones (हार्मोन) बनाती हैं, जो शरीर के growth, metabolism, reproduction, energy balance और अन्य functions को regulate करते हैं।
- Hormone imbalance के कारण hyperfunction (अत्यधिक secretion) या hypofunction (कम secretion) से रोग उत्पन्न होते हैं।
Endocrine Diseases क्या हैं (What are Endocrine Diseases)
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Disorders of hormone secretion, action, or regulation
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Examples include:
- Diabetes Mellitus (मधुमेह)
- Hypothyroidism / Hyperthyroidism (थायरॉइड रोग)
- Cushing’s Syndrome (कुशिंग सिंड्रोम)
- Addison’s Disease (एडिसन रोग)
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS, महिलाओं में)
- Acromegaly / Gigantism (growth hormone disorders)
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Symptoms depend on affected gland and hormone imbalance
Endocrine Diseases कारण (Causes of Endocrine Diseases)
1. Autoimmune Disorders
- Thyroid (Hashimoto’s, Graves’ disease)
- Type 1 Diabetes
2. Genetic / Congenital Factors
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN syndromes)
3. Tumors / Growths
- Pituitary adenomas (causing acromegaly, Cushing’s disease)
- Thyroid nodules or adrenal tumors
4. Infections / Inflammation
- Thyroiditis, pancreatitis
5. Lifestyle and Environmental Factors
- Obesity, poor diet → risk factor for insulin resistance
- Iodine deficiency → thyroid disorders
Endocrine Diseases लक्षण (Symptoms of Endocrine Diseases)
Symptoms vary according to gland involved:
Common Symptoms
- Unexplained weight gain or loss
- Fatigue and weakness
- Excessive thirst and urination (diabetes)
- Hair loss or excessive hair growth
- Mood changes, irritability
- Swelling of neck (goiter)
- High blood pressure, irregular heartbeat
Specific Symptoms
- Hypothyroidism: cold intolerance, dry skin, constipation
- Hyperthyroidism: heat intolerance, palpitations, tremors
- Cushing’s syndrome: round face, central obesity, purple striae
- Addison’s disease: hyperpigmentation, hypotension, salt craving
Early detection is crucial to prevent complications।
Endocrine Diseases कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Endocrine Diseases)
- Blood Tests / Hormone Levels – TSH, T3, T4, cortisol, insulin, glucose
- Imaging – Ultrasound, MRI, CT for gland abnormalities
- Stimulation / Suppression Tests – e.g., ACTH stimulation, glucose tolerance
- Genetic Testing – familial or congenital endocrine disorders
- Clinical Examination – physical signs, vitals, symptom assessment
Accurate diagnosis helps in tailored treatment।
Endocrine Diseases इलाज (Treatment of Endocrine Diseases)
1. Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Hypothyroidism → levothyroxine
- Addison’s disease → corticosteroids
- Diabetes → insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs
2. Medications to Reduce Hormone Levels
- Hyperthyroidism → antithyroid drugs (methimazole, propylthiouracil)
- Cushing’s disease → steroid synthesis inhibitors
3. Surgery
- Tumor removal (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid)
- In severe or resistant cases
4. Lifestyle and Diet
- Balanced diet, exercise
- Weight management for insulin resistance / diabetes
- Avoid smoking and alcohol
5. Regular Monitoring
- Periodic hormone level testing
- Imaging if tumors present
- Prevent complications like cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Healthy lifestyle: balanced diet, regular exercise
- Maintain ideal body weight
- Early treatment of infections or metabolic disorders
- Regular screening for at-risk populations
- Adequate iodine intake for thyroid health
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Adhere to prescribed hormone therapy
- Avoid self-medication with supplements or steroids
- Monitor for symptoms of over- or under-treatment
- Keep follow-up appointments with endocrinologist
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. क्या endocrine diseases hereditary होती हैं?
कुछ genetic और familial endocrine disorders हैं, लेकिन lifestyle factors भी important हैं।
Q2. क्या diabetes भी endocrine disease है?
हाँ, diabetes mellitus pancreatic insulin imbalance से related endocrine disorder है।
Q3. क्या सभी endocrine diseases treatable हैं?
Many are manageable with medications, lifestyle, surgery, but some require lifelong therapy।
Q4. कितनी जल्दी डॉक्टर को दिखाना चाहिए?
अगर unexplained weight change, fatigue, hair loss, mood swings या abnormal urination हो तो तुरंत endocrinologist से consult करें।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Endocrine Diseases (एंडोक्राइन रोग) शरीर के hormone imbalance के कारण होने वाले disorders हैं।
Early detection, appropriate treatment, lifestyle management और regular monitoring से complications को prevent किया जा सकता है।
अगर किसी को symptoms of fatigue, weight change, hair loss, high BP, or urinary changes दिखें, तो specialist consultation जरूरी है।