Motor Stereotypies (मोटर स्टीरियोटाइप्स / आवर्तक शारीरिक गतियाँ) वह repetitive, non-functional movements होती हैं जो व्यक्ति बार-बार करता है।
- यह अधिकतर children (बच्चों) में देखा जाता है, लेकिन कुछ मामलों में adults में भी होता है।
- Common movements में hand flapping, rocking, finger twisting, head banging शामिल हैं।
- ये movements अक्सर stress, excitement, fatigue या boredom के समय बढ़ जाती हैं।
Motor Stereotypies क्या हैं (What are Motor Stereotypies)
- Repetitive और patterned movements
- Non-purposeful (daily tasks में कोई functional role नहीं)
- Typically self-soothing या self-stimulatory behavior
- Can be simple (one movement) या complex (sequence of movements)
Motor Stereotypies कारण (Causes of Motor Stereotypies)
1. Neurodevelopmental Factors
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD / ऑटिज़्म) में common
- Intellectual disability
- ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
2. Genetic & Biological Factors
- Family history of stereotypic behaviors
- Neurochemical imbalances (dopamine pathways)
3. Environmental / Behavioral Triggers
- Boredom, stress, fatigue, anxiety
- Overstimulation या understimulation
4. Secondary Causes
- Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome
- Tourette syndrome (motor tics overlap)
Motor stereotypies आमतौर पर benign हैं, लेकिन severe cases में neurodevelopmental disorder की पहचान जरूरी है।
Motor Stereotypies लक्षण (Symptoms of Motor Stereotypies)
- Repetitive hand movements – hand flapping, finger twisting
- Body rocking या head banging
- Repetitive facial grimacing
- Movements increase during stress, excitement या fatigue
- Usually stops during focused tasks or sleep
- Social or functional impairment rare in mild cases
Severe stereotypies में injury या social difficulties हो सकती हैं।
Motor Stereotypies कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Motor Stereotypies)
- Clinical Observation – repetitive, patterned, non-functional movements
- Developmental History – onset, frequency, triggers
- Screening for Neurodevelopmental Disorders – autism, ADHD, intellectual disability
- Rule Out Tics / Epilepsy – differential diagnosis
- Behavioral Assessment – severity, impact on daily life
Diagnosis mainly clinical है, additional tests only if associated disorders suspected।
Motor Stereotypies इलाज (Treatment of Motor Stereotypies)
1. Behavioral Therapy (Primary Treatment)
- Habit reversal training (HRT)
- Positive reinforcement strategies
- Redirection / engagement in alternative tasks
2. Medications (Rare Cases)
- Only if severe, injurious, or causing functional impairment
- SSRIs (for anxiety)
- Dopamine modulators – in complex stereotypies
3. Environmental & Supportive Measures
- Structured routine
- Reduce stress and sensory triggers
- Encourage focus on activities – attention diversion
- Parental / caregiver education
Most cases self-limiting, especially in children under 5–6 years old.
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Early identification in children
- Minimize boredom and stress
- Engage children in structured and stimulating activities
- Monitor for associated neurodevelopmental disorders
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Avoid punishment or negative reinforcement – may worsen behaviors
- Ensure safety – prevent injury during head banging or hand flapping
- Seek professional help if movements increase, injurious, or socially impairing
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. Motor stereotypies कब सामान्य होते हैं?
Infants और toddlers में mild repetitive movements normal हैं।
Q2. क्या यह Autism का संकेत है?
कभी-कभी हाँ, लेकिन अकेले stereotypic movements autism नहीं दर्शाते।
Q3. क्या यह उम्र के साथ खत्म हो जाती है?
Many mild cases self-resolve by school age; severe cases may persist.
Q4. क्या medications हमेशा जरूरी हैं?
नहीं, behavioral therapy usually sufficient है।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Motor Stereotypies (मोटर स्टीरियोटाइप्स / आवर्तक शारीरिक गतियाँ) आमतौर पर benign, self-limiting और बच्चों में दिखाई देती हैं।
Early recognition, behavioral therapy, structured environment और caregiver support से severity कम की जा सकती है और functional impact minimized होता है।
यदि movements injurious, persistent या associated with developmental delay हों, तो neurologist या child psychiatrist से consultation जरूरी है।