Movement Disorders (आंदोलन संबंधी विकार) ऐसे neurological conditions हैं जिनमें शरीर की voluntary या involuntary movements प्रभावित होती हैं।
- यह slow movements, tremors, jerky movements या abnormal posture के रूप में प्रकट हो सकते हैं।
- Movement disorders अक्सर basal ganglia, cerebellum, या motor cortex के dysfunction के कारण होते हैं।
- Age, genetics और environmental factors इनके risk को प्रभावित कर सकते हैं।
Movement Disorders क्या हैं (What are Movement Disorders)
- Voluntary movements में कमी या abnormality
- Involuntary movements – tremors, tics, chorea, dystonia
- Affect daily life, balance, speech, and coordination
- कुछ disorders progressive होते हैं, जबकि कुछ temporary या treatable हैं
Movement Disorders के प्रकार (Types of Movement Disorders)
1. Tremor (कंपकंपी)
- Repetitive, rhythmic movements of hands, head, or voice
- Examples: Essential tremor, Parkinsonian tremor
2. Dystonia (डिस्टोनिया)
- Sustained muscle contractions causing twisting, abnormal posture
- Examples: Cervical dystonia, Writer’s cramp
3. Chorea (कोरिया)
- Sudden, irregular, involuntary movements
- Examples: Huntington’s disease, Sydenham’s chorea
4. Ataxia (एटैक्सिया)
- Loss of coordination, unsteady gait, difficulty in fine motor tasks
5. Parkinsonism (पार्किंसंस जैसे लक्षण)
- Bradykinesia (slow movement), rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability
6. Tics (टिक्स)
- Sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic movements or sounds
- Example: Tourette syndrome
Movement Disorders कारण (Causes of Movement Disorders)
1. Neurological Causes
- Basal ganglia dysfunction
- Cerebellar disorders
- Brain injury or stroke
2. Genetic Factors
- Huntington’s disease
- Wilson’s disease
- Dystonia syndromes
3. Metabolic / Toxic Causes
- Drug-induced (antipsychotics, antiemetics)
- Heavy metal exposure (lead, mercury)
- Thyroid or electrolyte imbalance
4. Degenerative / Age-related
- Parkinson’s disease
- Progressive supranuclear palsy
5. Autoimmune / Infectious Causes
- Sydenham’s chorea (post-streptococcal)
- Multiple sclerosis
Movement Disorders लक्षण (Symptoms of Movement Disorders)
- Tremor / shaking
- Slow movement (Bradykinesia)
- Muscle stiffness (rigidity)
- Abnormal posture or twisting (dystonia)
- Loss of coordination (ataxia)
- Sudden jerky or repetitive movements (chorea/tics)
- Speech, swallowing या facial expression difficulty
Symptoms depend on type of movement disorder and affected brain area।
Movement Disorders कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Movement Disorders)
- Medical History & Symptom Timeline – onset, progression, triggers
- Neurological Examination – tremor, rigidity, reflexes, coordination
- Imaging – MRI/CT brain for structural lesions
- Laboratory Tests – metabolic, genetic, autoimmune evaluation
- Specialized Tests – electromyography (EMG), DaTscan (for Parkinson’s)
Accurate diagnosis helps in tailored treatment and slowing disease progression।
Movement Disorders इलाज (Treatment of Movement Disorders)
1. Medications
- Dopaminergic drugs – Parkinson’s disease
- Anticholinergics – dystonia
- Muscle relaxants – spasticity
- Tetrabenazine / dopamine depletors – chorea
2. Physical / Occupational Therapy
- Improve strength, coordination, and functional independence
- Adaptive devices for daily activities
3. Surgical Interventions
- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) – Parkinson’s, dystonia, essential tremor
- Stereotactic surgery for severe cases
4. Lifestyle & Supportive Measures
- Exercise – balance, flexibility, and strength
- Stress reduction – can reduce tics and tremors
- Speech therapy – for speech/swallowing issues
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Avoid neurotoxic drugs and heavy metals
- Early detection of neurological or metabolic conditions
- Maintain brain and overall health – exercise, diet, stress management
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Early neurology consultation if abnormal movements appear
- Monitor medication side effects
- Avoid injury during tremors or ataxia
- Regular follow-ups for progressive disorders
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. Movement disorders hereditary होते हैं?
कुछ genetic disorders जैसे Huntington’s disease hereditary होते हैं, बाकी acquired हो सकते हैं।
Q2. क्या Parkinson’s disease में movements हमेशा slow होते हैं?
हाँ, bradykinesia, rigidity और resting tremor typical हैं।
Q3. क्या motor therapy मदद कर सकती है?
हाँ, physical और occupational therapy daily function improve करती है।
Q4. Movement disorders पूरी तरह ठीक हो सकते हैं?
कुछ treatable और reversible हैं, लेकिन progressive disorders में complete cure मुश्किल होता है।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Movement Disorders (आंदोलन संबंधी विकार) nervous system के diverse dysfunction का परिणाम हैं।
Early diagnosis, medications, therapy और lifestyle modifications से symptoms manage किए जा सकते हैं और quality of life improve होती है।
यदि abnormal movements दिखें, तो तुरंत neurologist से सलाह लें।