Kidney Stone :-
A kidney stone is a firm object that is made from chemicals in the urine. Kidney stones are of fiur types, they are: calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. A kidney stone can be treated with shockwave lithotripsy, uteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithomy or nephrolithotripsy. Usual symptoms involve critical pain in lower back, blood in your urine, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills, or urine that smells shit or seems cloudy.Urine has various wastes dissolved in it. When there is too much waste in too little liquid, crystals starts to form. The crystals attract other elements and join together to form a solid that will get larger unless it is pass out of the body with the urine. Commonly, these chemicals are removed in the urine by the body's master chemist: the kidney. In most of the people, having sufficient liquid washes them out or other chemicals in urine stop a stone from forming. The stone forming chemicals are calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate.
After it is has been formed, the stone can stay in the kidney or go down to the urinary tract into the ureter. Some of the times, small tuny stones move out of the body in the urine without giving too much pain. But stones that do not move can lead a back-up of urine in the kidney, ureter, the bladder, or the urethra. This is what lead to the pain.
Kidney Stone Causes :-
Likely causes involve drinking too little water, exercise (too much or too little), obesity, weight loss surgery, or eating food with too much salt or sugar. Infections and having family history can be important in some people. Eating too much fructose correlates with grown risk of occuring a kidney stone. Fructose can be find in table sugar and high fructose corn syrup.Kidney Stone Types :-
There are four important types of stones:Calcium oxalate : The most usual type of kidney stone which is produced when calcium mixed with oxalate in the urine. Insufficient calcium and fluid intake, as well other conditions, can contribute to their formation.
Uric acid : This is another usual type of kidney stone. Foods like organ meats and shellfish have high concentrations of a natural chemical compound known as purines. High purine intake cause to a higher production of monosodium urate, which, under the right conditions, may form stones in the kidneys. The development of these types of stones tends to run in families.
Struvite : These stones are less usual and are caused by infections in the upper urinary tract.
Cystine : These stones are infrequent and tend to run in families.
Kidney Stone Signs & Symptoms :-
Some kidney stones are small like grain of sand. Some are as large as a pebble. As some are big as a golf ball. As a general rule, the larger the stone, the more observable are the symptoms.
The symptoms can be one or many:
• Critical pain on either side of your lower back,
• More indeterminate pain or stomach ache that does not go,
• blood in the urine,
• nausea or vomiting,
• fever and chills,
• urine that smells shit or looks cloudy.
The kidney stone begin to hurt when it causes irritation or blockage. This grow fast to extreme pain. In most of the cases, kidney stones passes without causing any harm but commonly not with out causing a lot of pain. Pain reliever can be the only treatment required for tiny stones. Other treatment can be needed, mostly for the stones that give rise to lasting symptoms or other complications. In critical cases, surgery can be needed.
Kidney Stone Diagnosis :-
Diagnosis of a kidney stone begins with a medical history, physical exam, and imaging tests. Your doctors want to know the perfect size and shape of the kidney stones. This may be done with a high resolution CT scan from the kidneys down to the bladder or an x-ray called a "KUB x-ray'' (kidney-ureter-bladder x-ray) which will show the size of the stone and its position. The KUB x-ray is frequently obtained by the surgeons to find out if the stone is suitable for shock wave treatment. The KUB test can be used to examine your stone before and after treatment, but the CT scan is commonly preferred for diagnosis. In some people, doctors will also suggest an intravenous pyelogram or lVP, a special type of X- ray of the urinary system that is taken after injecting a dye.Next, your doctors will decide how to treat your stone. The health of your kidneys will be judge by blood tests and urine tests. Your overall health, and the size and location of your stone will be examine.
Afterwards, your doctor will want to find the cause of the stone. The stone will be examine after it comes out of your body, and your doctor will test your blood for calcium, phosphorus and uric acid. The doctor can also ask you to collect your urine for 24 hours to test for calcium and uric acid.
Kidney Stone Treatment :-
The treatment for kidney stones is same in children and adults. You will be told to drink a lot of water. Doctors try to let the stone pass without any surgery. You can also get medication to help make your urine less acid. But if it is too large, or if it stops the flow of urine, or if there is a sign of infection, it is taken out with surgery.Shock-wave lithotripsy is a intraoperative procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to blast the stones into fragments that are then more easily passed out in the urine. In ureteroscopy, an endoscope is inserted from the ureter to remove or obliterate the stone. For very big or intricate stones, doctors will use percutaneous nephrolithotomy/nephrolithotripsy.