Mural Thrombus (म्यूरल थ्रॉम्बस) एक प्रकार का blood clot (रक्त का थक्का) है, जो blood vessel या heart wall की inner lining (endocardium या endothelium) से चिपक जाता है।
- यह clot आमतौर पर ventricular walls of the heart या large arteries में बनता है।
- Mural thrombus often secondary to underlying cardiac abnormalities जैसे myocardial infarction (heart attack) या aneurysm।
- Untreated cases में embolism और organ damage का खतरा बढ़ जाता है।
Mural Thrombus क्या है (What is Mural Thrombus)
- Thrombus जो heart या vessel wall पर attached रहता है
- Blood flow में partial obstruction करता है
- Detached portion embolus बनकर brain, kidney या lungs में जाकर severe complications कर सकता है
- Commonly associated with left ventricular aneurysm, dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation
Mural Thrombus कारण (Causes of Mural Thrombus)
1. Cardiac Causes
- Myocardial Infarction (MI) – especially anterior wall infarct
- Dilated cardiomyopathy – weak heart muscles
- Atrial fibrillation – blood stasis in atria
2. Vascular Causes
- Aneurysms in arteries
- Endothelial injury due to atherosclerosis
3. Hypercoagulable States
- Genetic clotting disorders (Factor V Leiden, Protein C/S deficiency)
- Malignancy
- Prolonged immobilization
4. Other Factors
- Advanced age, hypertension, diabetes
- Smoking and obesity
Mural Thrombus लक्षण (Symptoms of Mural Thrombus)
Mural thrombus खुद symptoms cause नहीं करता है, लेकिन associated complications दिखाई दे सकते हैं:
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea) – if heart function compromised
- Chest pain – if underlying myocardial infarction
- Embolic events – stroke, kidney infarct, limb ischemia
- Weakness or numbness – brain embolism
- Palpitations – atrial fibrillation associated cases
Many cases incidentally diagnosed on imaging.
Mural Thrombus कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Mural Thrombus)
- Echocardiography (TTE / TEE) – primary diagnostic tool for heart thrombus
- CT / MRI – for ventricular or aortic mural thrombus
- Angiography – if arterial involvement suspected
- Blood Tests – coagulation profile, D-dimer
- Clinical History – myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia
Early detection prevents embolism और organ damage।
Mural Thrombus इलाज (Treatment of Mural Thrombus)
1. Anticoagulation Therapy
- Heparin (initial), then warfarin or DOACs (direct oral anticoagulants)
- Prevents thrombus growth and embolization
2. Thrombolytic Therapy
- Rarely used if acute, high-risk embolic event
- Alteplase or other thrombolytics under supervision
3. Surgical / Interventional
- Thrombectomy – in selected high-risk cases
- Repair of underlying cardiac aneurysm if present
4. Treat Underlying Cause
- Manage heart failure, MI, arrhythmia
- Control hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia
5. Supportive Measures
- Bed rest initially if acute thrombus
- Monitor for embolic events
- Regular imaging to check thrombus resolution
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Proper management of heart disease – MI, cardiomyopathy
- Anticoagulation in high-risk patients (AF, LV thrombus)
- Healthy lifestyle – exercise, balanced diet, no smoking
- Control blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Strict medication adherence – anticoagulants
- Avoid injury – bleeding risk with anticoagulants
- Regular follow-up and imaging
- Immediate medical attention if sudden weakness, numbness, chest pain
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. Mural thrombus dangerous है?
हाँ, embolism और organ damage (stroke, kidney infarct) के कारण यह life-threatening हो सकता है।
Q2. क्या यह खुद dissolve हो सकता है?
कभी-कभी anticoagulant therapy से clot shrink या resolve हो सकता है, लेकिन monitoring जरूरी है।
Q3. Heart attack के बाद कितना common है?
Left ventricular anterior wall infarct के patients में significant risk रहता है।
Q4. Treatment duration कितना है?
Anticoagulation आमतौर पर 3–6 months या longer depending on thrombus size and risk।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Mural Thrombus (म्यूरल थ्रॉम्बस) एक blood clot है जो heart या artery wall पर attach होता है।
Early detection, anticoagulation therapy, underlying cardiac disease management और regular follow-up से embolism और complications को prevent किया जा सकता है।
अगर कोई chest pain, shortness of breath, neurological deficits या history of MI हो, तो तुरंत cardiologist से consultation करें।