Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME / मायाल्जिक एन्सेफलोमायलिटिस) एक chronic, debilitating neurological disorder है।
- इसे अक्सर Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) के साथ interchangeably use किया जाता है।
- ME में severe fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive dysfunction और pain प्रमुख लक्षण हैं।
- यह condition लंबे समय तक व्यक्ति की daily activities और quality of life प्रभावित करती है।
- ME किसी भी age में हो सकता है, लेकिन अधिकतर 20–50 साल की उम्र में diagnose होता है।
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis क्या है (What is ME)
- Neurological और immune system dysfunction के कारण होने वाली chronic fatigue disorder
- Fatigue इतनी severe होती है कि rest लेने के बाद भी ठीक नहीं होती
- Associated symptoms: sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, muscle and joint pain
- Often triggered by viral infections, stress, or immune dysfunction
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis कारण (Causes of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)
1. Infectious Triggers
- Viral infections (EBV – Epstein Barr Virus, HHV-6, enteroviruses)
- Bacterial infections in rare cases
2. Immune Dysfunction
- Altered cytokine profiles
- Autoimmune-like response
3. Neurological Abnormalities
- Dysregulation in central nervous system (CNS)
- Autonomic nervous system dysfunction
4. Genetic Factors
- Family history may increase susceptibility
Exact cause अभी पूरी तरह understood नहीं है, but multifactorial माना जाता है।
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis लक्षण (Symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)
1. Fatigue and Energy Loss
- Persistent, severe fatigue
- Post-exertional malaise – physical or mental activity worsens symptoms
2. Cognitive Dysfunction
- Brain fog, memory issues
- Difficulty concentrating
3. Sleep Disturbances
- Non-restorative sleep
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
4. Pain
- Muscle pain (myalgia)
- Joint pain (arthralgia)
- Headaches
5. Autonomic Dysfunction
- Dizziness, palpitations
- Orthostatic intolerance (difficulty standing)
6. Other Symptoms
- Sore throat, tender lymph nodes
- Flu-like malaise
- Sensitivity to light or noise
Symptoms fluctuate and can be mild to severe, sometimes disabling.
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)
- No single test available
- Diagnosis clinical criteria पर based होती है:
- CDC 1994 criteria (CFS criteria)
- Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2015 criteria
- Blood tests and imaging used to rule out other causes of fatigue
- Key features for diagnosis:
- Severe fatigue >6 months
- Post-exertional malaise
- Cognitive impairment
- Sleep disturbances
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis इलाज / Management (Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)
1. Symptomatic Management
- Pain management: NSAIDs, muscle relaxants
- Sleep improvement: sleep hygiene, medications if needed
- Cognitive therapy: pacing and coping strategies
2. Graded Activity & Energy Management
- Pacing – avoiding overexertion
- Gentle physical activity tailored to tolerance
- Avoid pushing beyond energy limits
3. Medications
- Antidepressants for mood and sleep
- Stimulants rarely for severe fatigue
- Immune modulators in research settings
4. Supportive Measures
- Counseling and psychological support
- Occupational therapy for daily activity management
- Nutrition and hydration optimization
Focus is symptom management, quality of life improvement, and preventing relapse।
रोकथाम (Prevention / Risk Reduction)
- Prevent infections through hygiene and vaccination
- Avoid prolonged stress and overexertion
- Early medical attention for persistent fatigue
- Healthy lifestyle – balanced diet, sleep hygiene, moderate activity
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Avoid overexertion to prevent post-exertional malaise
- Regular monitoring for depression or anxiety
- Gradual increase in activity under supervision
- Avoid self-medication for fatigue or stimulants without doctor guidance
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis curable है?
नहीं, पूरी तरह cure नहीं है। Treatment mainly symptom management और quality of life improvement के लिए है।
Q2. क्या यह contagious है?
नहीं, ME infectious disease नहीं है।
Q3. कितने समय तक symptoms रहते हैं?
Chronic condition – months to years, severity fluctuate कर सकती है।
Q4. क्या exercise मदद करता है?
Only carefully paced activity मदद कर सकता है; overexertion symptoms worsen कर सकता है।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (मायाल्जिक एन्सेफलोमायलिटिस) एक chronic neurological और immune-mediated disorder है।
Early recognition, symptom management, pacing, supportive therapy और lifestyle adjustments से patients की quality of life improve की जा सकती है।
अगर किसी को persistent fatigue, brain fog, post-exertional malaise महसूस हो, तो तुरंत neurologist या physician से consultation करें।