Nail Disorders (नाखून विकार) एक सामान्य समस्या है जिसमें fingernails और toenails की structure, color, thickness या texture प्रभावित होती है।
- यह cosmetic issue या underlying systemic disease का संकेत हो सकता है।
- Nakhun हमारे health और nutrition status का indicator होते हैं।
- Proper diagnosis और treatment से infection और complications रोके जा सकते हैं।
Nail Disorders क्या हैं (What are Nail Disorders)
- Condition affecting color, shape, texture, or growth of nails
- Common signs include brittle nails, discoloration, ridges, thickening, infection, and detachment
- Types:
- Fungal Nail Infections (Onychomycosis)
- Bacterial Nail Infections (Paronychia)
- Structural Disorders – brittle nails, spoon nails (koilonychia)
- Pigmentation Disorders – dark lines, white spots
- Traumatic Disorders – nail splits, hematoma
Nail Disorders कारण (Causes of Nail Disorders)
1. Infection
- Fungal (Candida, dermatophytes)
- Bacterial (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus)
- Viral (warts – HPV)
2. Trauma / Injury
- Nail biting, hitting nail, frequent manicures
- Repetitive friction or pressure
3. Nutritional Deficiency
- Iron deficiency → koilonychia (spoon nails)
- Zinc, vitamin B, protein deficiency → brittle nails
4. Systemic Diseases
- Diabetes, thyroid disorders
- Psoriasis, eczema
- Liver or kidney disease
5. Genetic / Congenital Disorders
- Nail-patella syndrome
- Ectodermal dysplasia
Nail Disorders लक्षण (Symptoms of Nail Disorders)
- Nail discoloration (yellow, white, black)
- Nail thickening or thinning
- Brittleness / splitting / peeling
- Nail pitting (small depressions)
- Pain, swelling, redness around nail
- Delayed nail growth
- Nail detachment (onycholysis)
Symptoms often depend on underlying cause।
Nail Disorders कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Nail Disorders)
- Physical Examination – inspection of nails and surrounding skin
- Microscopy / Culture – fungal or bacterial infection detection
- Blood Tests – iron, vitamin levels, thyroid function
- Biopsy – in suspicious or chronic nail lesions
- Medical History – trauma, systemic diseases, family history
Accurate diagnosis helps in targeted treatment।
Nail Disorders इलाज (Treatment of Nail Disorders)
1. Infection Treatment
- Antifungal creams or oral antifungals – Onychomycosis
- Antibiotics – bacterial paronychia
- Proper hygiene, nail trimming
2. Nutritional Support
- Iron, zinc, biotin, protein supplementation
- Balanced diet with vitamins and minerals
3. Structural / Cosmetic Care
- Avoid nail trauma, harsh chemicals
- Moisturize brittle nails
- Nail strengthening products
4. Systemic Disease Management
- Treat underlying thyroid, diabetes, psoriasis
- Regular monitoring of chronic conditions
5. Surgical / Interventional
- Severe chronic infections or nail tumors may require partial or complete nail removal
Consistent care improves nail health and appearance।
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Maintain nail hygiene and avoid biting
- Keep nails dry and clean
- Wear protective gloves during wet work
- Trim nails regularly
- Maintain balanced nutrition
- Treat fungal or bacterial infections promptly
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Avoid self-medication with strong chemicals
- Seek medical help for painful, discolored, or thickened nails
- Monitor nails if you have diabetes or immunocompromised condition
- Avoid repeated trauma or aggressive manicures
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. क्या नाखून विकार contagious होते हैं?
Fungal और bacterial infections contagious हो सकते हैं, लेकिन structural या nutritional disorders नहीं।
Q2. कितने समय में nails recover करते हैं?
Fingernails 4–6 months में, toenails 12–18 months में पूरी तरह grow होते हैं।
Q3. Nail discoloration हमेशा serious है?
नहीं, कुछ cosmetic या minor infection से भी हो सकता है। लेकिन persistent dark lines melanoma संकेत हो सकते हैं।
Q4. Nail biting से क्या नुकसान होता है?
Infection risk बढ़ता है, nail deformity और gum disease हो सकता है।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Nail Disorders (नाखून विकार) कई कारणों से हो सकते हैं – infections, trauma, nutrition deficiency, systemic disease या genetic factors।
Proper diagnosis, treatment of underlying cause, nail care और nutritional support से nails healthy और strong बनाए जा सकते हैं।
अगर किसी को persistent discoloration, pain, swelling या nail deformity दिखाई दे, तो तुरंत dermatologist या physician से consultation करें।