Nasal and Sinus Cancer (नाक और साइनस का कैंसर) एक rare type का head and neck cancer है जो nasal cavity (नाक की गुहा) और paranasal sinuses (साइनस) में उत्पन्न होता है।
- यह अधिकतर older adults (50–70 years) में पाया जाता है।
- Tumor धीरे-धीरे बढ़ता है और शुरुआत में अक्सर symptoms mild या absent होते हैं।
- Early detection से treatment outcome बेहतर होता है।
Nasal and Sinus Cancer क्या है (What is Nasal and Sinus Cancer)
- Malignant tumor arising from epithelial or glandular cells of nasal cavity or sinuses
- Types include:
- Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) – most common
- Adenocarcinoma
- Melanoma
- Olfactory neuroblastoma
- Tumor local tissue को invade कर सकता है और rare cases में metastasize कर सकता है
Nasal and Sinus Cancer कारण (Causes of Nasal and Sinus Cancer)
1. Environmental / Occupational Exposure
- Wood dust (carpentry, furniture industry)
- Leather dust, chromium, nickel, formaldehyde exposure
- Industrial chemicals
2. Tobacco & Alcohol
- Smoking increases risk of SCC in nasal cavity
3. Viral Infection
- Rarely, HPV infection associated with sinonasal cancers
4. Chronic Sinus Conditions
- Long-standing sinusitis or nasal polyps may contribute
5. Genetic / Family History
- Rare familial predisposition
Nasal and Sinus Cancer लक्षण (Symptoms of Nasal and Sinus Cancer)
- Persistent nasal obstruction / blockage
- Nosebleeds (epistaxis)
- Facial pain, swelling, or numbness
- Loss of smell (anosmia)
- Recurrent sinus infections not responding to treatment
- Headache, eye swelling, or double vision if tumor extends
- Rare: neurological symptoms if tumor invades skull base
Early-stage tumors often asymptomatic, late-stage में complications visible होते हैं।
Nasal and Sinus Cancer कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Nasal and Sinus Cancer)
- Physical Examination – nasal endoscopy to visualize tumor
- Imaging – CT scan / MRI for tumor extent and bone invasion
- Biopsy – histopathology confirms type of malignancy
- PET Scan – detects metastasis
- Blood Tests – general health evaluation, kidney and liver function
Accurate diagnosis essential for treatment planning।
Nasal and Sinus Cancer इलाज (Treatment of Nasal and Sinus Cancer)
1. Surgical Treatment
- Endoscopic resection for early tumors
- Open surgery for advanced tumors invading bone or orbit
2. Radiotherapy
- Adjuvant therapy after surgery
- Primary treatment for unresectable tumors
3. Chemotherapy
- Rarely used alone
- Combined with radiotherapy for advanced or recurrent cases
4. Targeted Therapy / Immunotherapy
- Clinical trials ongoing for selected cases
5. Supportive Care
- Pain management, nutrition, and physiotherapy
- Eye care if orbital involvement
Multidisciplinary approach improves survival and quality of life।
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Avoid occupational exposure to dust and chemicals
- Use protective masks in industrial environments
- Stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption
- Regular check-ups if chronic sinus problems हैं
- Early evaluation of persistent nasal symptoms
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Do not ignore persistent nasal obstruction, nosebleeds, or facial swelling
- Complete treatment plan including surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy
- Monitor for recurrence with regular follow-ups
- Protect eyes and oral cavity during radiotherapy
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. Nasal and sinus cancer common है?
नहीं, यह rare type का head and neck cancer है।
Q2. Symptoms अक्सर कब दिखते हैं?
Early-stage में minimal या absent, late-stage में obstruction, bleeding और facial pain दिखाई देते हैं।
Q3. Prognosis कैसा है?
Depends on stage at diagnosis; early detection और treatment में 5-year survival बेहतर होती है।
Q4. Surgery हमेशा जरूरी है?
Early-stage tumors में surgery preferred है, unresectable tumors में radiotherapy primary treatment हो सकती है।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Nasal and Sinus Cancer (नाक और साइनस का कैंसर) एक rare लेकिन aggressive tumor है।
Early detection, biopsy-based diagnosis, surgery, radiotherapy और multidisciplinary treatment से survival और quality of life बेहतर किया जा सकता है।
अगर किसी को persistent nasal blockage, nosebleeds या facial pain हो, तो तुरंत ENT specialist या oncologist से consultation जरूरी है।