Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS / नवजात शिशु में नशे की लत सिंड्रोम) एक शिशु में होने वाली स्थिति है जब नवजात pregnancy के दौरान माँ द्वारा ली गई addictive substances (drugs, alcohol, opioids) के कारण withdrawal symptoms दिखाता है।
- यह condition आमतौर पर birth के तुरंत बाद या 1–3 दिन में दिखाई देती है।
- Substances में शामिल हैं: opioids (morphine, heroin, methadone), benzodiazepines, alcohol, nicotine।
- NAS को early diagnosis और supportive care से manage किया जा सकता है।
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome क्या है (What is Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome)
- Condition arises due to sudden withdrawal of drugs in newborn
- Symptoms involve central nervous system (CNS), gastrointestinal system और autonomic nervous system
- Untreated severe NAS में growth retardation, seizures, and feeding difficulties हो सकते हैं
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome कारण (Causes of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome)
1. Maternal Drug Use
- Opioids: Methadone, Morphine, Heroin
- Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Lorazepam
- Stimulants: Cocaine, Methamphetamine
2. Alcohol and Nicotine
- Chronic alcohol or cigarette exposure during pregnancy
3. Prescription Drugs
- Certain antidepressants, painkillers, or sedatives
4. Poly-substance Abuse
- Multiple drugs during pregnancy increase risk and severity
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome लक्षण (Symptoms of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome)
Symptoms are categorized by system:
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Tremors (कंपकंपी)
- Irritability (चिड़चिड़ापन)
- High-pitched crying (तेज़ रोना)
- Sleep disturbances
Gastrointestinal System (GI)
- Poor feeding
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Dehydration
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Sweating
- Fever
- Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
Severe Symptoms
- Seizures
- Hypothermia or hyperthermia
- Poor weight gain
Symptoms typically appear within 48–72 hours of birth, depending on drug half-life।
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome)
- Maternal History – known drug use during pregnancy
- Physical Examination – CNS signs, GI disturbances, autonomic symptoms
- Scoring Systems – Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool (FNASS)
- Laboratory Tests – urine, meconium, or blood drug screening
- Rule out other causes – infections, metabolic disorders
Accurate diagnosis helps in treatment planning and symptom management।
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome इलाज (Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome)
1. Supportive Care
- Swaddling and gentle handling
- Small, frequent feedings
- Quiet, low-stimulation environment
2. Pharmacologic Therapy
- Morphine or Methadone for opioid withdrawal
- Phenobarbital for seizures or severe symptoms
- Gradual weaning off under supervision
3. Nutrition and Hydration
- Monitor weight gain and fluid balance
- Breastfeeding encouraged if mother not actively using drugs
4. Monitoring
- Continuous monitoring of vitals, feeding, and withdrawal scores
- NICU care for severe cases
Early intervention improves growth, development, and neurological outcomes।
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Prenatal care with screening for substance abuse
- Maternal counseling and drug rehabilitation during pregnancy
- Avoid illicit drugs, alcohol, and smoking during pregnancy
- Monitor high-risk pregnancies closely
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Do not abruptly stop prescribed drugs in pregnant women without supervision
- Close NICU monitoring for preterm or low birth weight infants
- Provide long-term developmental follow-up
- Educate caregivers about feeding, sleep, and soothing techniques
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. NAS permanent होता है?
ज्यादातर cases में temporary है। Early management से long-term effects minimize किए जा सकते हैं।
Q2. क्या breastfeeding allowed है?
हाँ, अगर माँ prescribed opioid treatment पर है और drug-free है, तो breastfeeding encouraged है।
Q3. Symptoms कब तक रहते हैं?
Opioid withdrawal: usually 1–4 weeks
Benzodiazepines or SSRIs: may persist longer
Q4. क्या सभी drug-exposed newborns NAS develop करते हैं?
नहीं, severity और incidence depend करती है type, dose और duration of maternal drug use पर।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (नवजात शिशु में नशे की लत सिंड्रोम) एक preventable और manageable condition है।
Early detection, supportive care, pharmacologic therapy और maternal counseling से newborn की growth, development और quality of life बेहतर बनायी जा सकती है।
अगर शिशु में tremors, irritability, poor feeding, या high-pitched crying दिखाई दे, तो तुरंत NICU या pediatric specialist से consultation जरूरी है।