Macular Telangiectasia (MacTel / मैक्युलर टेलीएंजिएक्टेसिया) एक retinal vascular disorder है जिसमें macula (retina का central part) की छोटी रक्त नलिकाएँ abnormal रूप से dilate या leak करती हैं।
- यह condition आमतौर पर middle-aged adults (40–60 years) में दिखाई देती है।
- Disease progressive vision loss, central vision distortion, और reading difficulty का कारण बन सकती है।
- Types में Type 1 (aneurysmal) और Type 2 (idiopathic / neurodegenerative) शामिल हैं।
Macular Telangiectasia क्या है (What is Macular Telangiectasia)
- Abnormal dilation of macular capillaries
- Leads to fluid leakage, macular edema, retinal atrophy
- Symptoms include blurred central vision, metamorphopsia (distorted vision), and difficulty in reading
- Early stages often asymptomatic
Macular Telangiectasia कारण (Causes of Macular Telangiectasia)
1. Idiopathic / Unknown
- Most common cause, especially Type 2 MacTel
2. Vascular Abnormalities
- Weakening or dilation of macular capillaries
- Microaneurysms formation
3. Neurodegenerative Component
- Degeneration of retinal Müller cells
- Affects macular structural integrity
4. Risk Factors
- Age 40–60 years
- Diabetes, hypertension (vascular comorbidities)
- Family history in rare cases
Macular Telangiectasia लक्षण (Symptoms of Macular Telangiectasia)
- Gradual loss of central vision
- Distorted vision (straight lines appear wavy)
- Difficulty in reading small print
- Micropsia (objects appear smaller)
- Rarely, visual blind spots (scotomas)
Early diagnosis important to prevent progressive vision loss।
Macular Telangiectasia कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Macular Telangiectasia)
- Ophthalmic Examination – fundoscopy shows dilated macular capillaries
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) – detects retinal thinning, edema, and fluid accumulation
- Fluorescein Angiography (FA) – highlights telangiectatic vessels and leakage
- Visual Acuity and Amsler Grid Test – evaluates central vision distortion
- Patient History – gradual visual changes, reading difficulty
Early detection helps in slowing disease progression।
Macular Telangiectasia इलाज (Treatment of Macular Telangiectasia)
1. Observation / Monitoring
- In early, asymptomatic cases
- Regular ophthalmic follow-up and OCT scans
2. Anti-VEGF Therapy
- Intravitreal injections (Bevacizumab / Ranibizumab)
- Reduce macular edema and prevent vision loss
3. Laser Photocoagulation (Selective Cases)
- Rarely used for focal leaking microaneurysms
- Caution: may damage surrounding retina
4. Supportive Measures
- Low-vision aids for reading
- Nutritional supplements (lutein, zeaxanthin) may help retinal health
- Control systemic conditions (diabetes, hypertension)
Currently, no complete cure exists; treatment aims at slowing progression and maintaining vision।
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Regular eye check-ups after age 40
- Control diabetes and blood pressure
- Avoid smoking (vascular risk factor)
- Early intervention if vision changes noticed
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Immediate ophthalmologist consultation for blurred central vision or distortion
- Adhere to treatment schedule (anti-VEGF injections)
- Avoid eye trauma
- Regular monitoring to detect edema or neovascularization
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. Macular Telangiectasia क्या cure हो सकती है?
अभी तक complete cure नहीं है, लेकिन anti-VEGF therapy और monitoring से progression slow किया जा सकता है।
Q2. क्या यह दोनों आँखों में होता है?
Type 2 MacTel अक्सर दोनों आँखों में bilateral होता है।
Q3. क्या यह blindness cause कर सकती है?
Central vision affected होती है, लेकिन complete blindness rare है।
Q4. कौन से लोग high risk में हैं?
Middle-aged adults, diabetes या hypertension वाले लोग, और family history वाले individuals।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Macular Telangiectasia (मैक्युलर टेलीएंजिएक्टेसिया) एक progressive retinal vascular disorder है।
Early detection, regular eye check-ups, anti-VEGF therapy, और systemic disease control से central vision को preserve किया जा सकता है।
अगर किसी को gradual central vision loss, distorted vision या reading difficulty दिखे, तो तुरंत retina specialist / ophthalmologist से consultation जरूरी है।