Myoepithelial Carcinoma (मायोएपिथीलियल कार्सिनोमा) एक rare malignant tumor है जो मुख्य रूप से salivary glands (मुख की लार ग्रंथियाँ) और कभी-कभी soft tissues या skin में पाया जाता है।
- यह tumor myoepithelial cells से उत्पन्न होता है, जो glandular structures की contractile cells होती हैं।
- Slow-growing लेकिन locally aggressive और rarely metastasizing।
- Early diagnosis से surgical treatment और prognosis बेहतर किया जा सकता है।
Myoepithelial Carcinoma क्या है (What is Myoepithelial Carcinoma)
- Rare malignant tumor of myoepithelial origin
- Common sites: parotid gland, minor salivary glands, oral cavity
- Microscopically shows pleomorphic cells, mitotic activity
- Tumor की growth pattern locally invasive होती है, metastasis rare but possible
Myoepithelial Carcinoma कारण (Causes of Myoepithelial Carcinoma)
1. Genetic / Molecular Alterations
- Chromosomal translocations or mutations in tumor suppressor genes
- Overexpression of oncogenes in myoepithelial cells
2. Pre-existing Benign Tumors
- Sometimes develops from pleomorphic adenoma
- Long-standing benign salivary gland tumors increase risk
3. Environmental / Unknown Factors
- Rarely, radiation exposure or chronic irritation implicated
- Exact cause mostly unknown
Mostly occurs sporadically, without clear environmental trigger।
Myoepithelial Carcinoma लक्षण (Symptoms of Myoepithelial Carcinoma)
- Slow-growing painless mass in mouth or parotid region
- Swelling in jaw or cheek
- Facial nerve involvement (parotid tumors) – weakness or asymmetry
- Ulceration or bleeding if tumor superficial
- Rarely: difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or speech
Tumor often asymptomatic initially, leading to delayed diagnosis।
Myoepithelial Carcinoma कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Myoepithelial Carcinoma)
- Physical Examination – firm, fixed mass, check for facial nerve involvement
- Imaging Studies – CT, MRI to determine size, location, invasion
- Biopsy / Histopathology – confirms malignancy
- Shows pleomorphic myoepithelial cells, mitotic figures, infiltrative growth
- Immunohistochemistry – markers like S-100, Cytokeratin, SMA (Smooth Muscle Actin) positive
- Metastasis Screening – chest X-ray or PET scan if aggressive
Early histopathological diagnosis crucial for treatment planning।
Myoepithelial Carcinoma इलाज (Treatment of Myoepithelial Carcinoma)
1. Surgical Management (Primary Treatment)
- Complete surgical excision with clear margins
- Parotid tumors: superficial or total parotidectomy
- Neck dissection if lymph node involvement
2. Radiation Therapy
- Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk or incomplete excision cases
- Helps prevent local recurrence
3. Chemotherapy (Rare / Experimental)
- Usually reserved for metastatic or unresectable tumors
- Limited evidence for efficacy
4. Follow-Up and Monitoring
- Regular clinical and imaging follow-up
- Monitor for local recurrence or metastasis
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Early evaluation of any salivary gland swelling
- Treat pre-existing pleomorphic adenomas or benign tumors
- Avoid chronic irritation or trauma in oral cavity
- Regular dental and oral check-ups
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Do not ignore slow-growing oral or facial swelling
- Avoid self-medication or delay in biopsy
- Follow post-surgical care and radiotherapy instructions
- Maintain oral hygiene to prevent infection post-treatment
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. Myoepithelial carcinoma aggressive है?
यह आमतौर पर locally aggressive होता है, metastasis rare है।
Q2. क्या यह surgery से ठीक हो सकता है?
हाँ, complete excision with clear margins से cure possible है।
Q3. Tumor दोबारा हो सकता है?
हाँ, recurrence rate moderate है, इसलिए regular follow-up जरूरी।
Q4. Radiation therapy सभी cases में जरूरी है?
केवल high-risk, large, या incompletely excised tumors में।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Myoepithelial Carcinoma (मायोएपिथीलियल कार्सिनोमा) एक rare malignant salivary gland tumor है।
Early diagnosis, complete surgical excision, और post-operative monitoring से local control और favorable prognosis possible है।
यदि mouth, parotid region में painless swelling या facial weakness दिखाई दे, तो तुरंत ENT या oncology specialist से consultation करें।