Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES / नॉन-एपिलेप्टिक सीज़र्स) ऐसी घटनाएँ हैं जो epileptic seizures जैसी दिखती हैं, लेकिन brain electrical activity में epilepsy वाले बदलाव नहीं होते।
- NES में मरीज loss of consciousness, jerky movements, या unusual behavior दिखा सकते हैं।
- Condition को अक्सर psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) कहा जाता है।
- यह neurological disorder नहीं बल्कि psychological / psychiatric origin का हो सकता है।
Non-Epileptic Seizures क्या है (What are Non-Epileptic Seizures)
- Episodes resembling epileptic seizures
- No abnormal EEG activity during events
- Often associated with stress, trauma, or psychiatric conditions
- Types:
- Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) – due to psychological factors
- Physiologic Non-Epileptic Seizures – fainting (syncope), cardiac arrhythmias, migraines
Non-Epileptic Seizures कारण (Causes of Non-Epileptic Seizures)
1. Psychological Factors (PNES)
- Stress, anxiety, depression
- History of trauma, abuse, or PTSD
- Conversion disorder
2. Physiological / Medical Factors
- Syncope (fainting) due to low blood pressure or cardiac arrhythmia
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Migraine-related events
3. Mixed Causes
- Some patients have both epileptic and non-epileptic seizures
Non-Epileptic Seizures लक्षण (Symptoms of Non-Epileptic Seizures)
- Jerky movements, thrashing, or flailing of limbs
- Loss of consciousness or unresponsiveness
- Eye closure during episode (often open in epileptic seizures)
- Variable duration, sometimes longer than typical epileptic seizures
- Tongue biting usually absent
- Post-episode confusion mild or absent
- Triggers: stress, emotional upset, flashbacks
NES often mistaken for epilepsy, leading to misdiagnosis and unnecessary anti-epileptic drugs।
Non-Epileptic Seizures कैसे पहचाने (Diagnosis of Non-Epileptic Seizures)
- EEG (Electroencephalography) – normal during event
- Video EEG Monitoring – gold standard to differentiate from epilepsy
- Clinical History & Observation – sudden emotional triggers, atypical seizure patterns
- Psychiatric Evaluation – identify stress, trauma, or conversion disorder
- Medical Evaluation – rule out syncope, metabolic causes, cardiac issues
Accurate diagnosis prevents unnecessary medications and complications।
Non-Epileptic Seizures इलाज (Treatment of Non-Epileptic Seizures)
1. Psychotherapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – most effective
- Trauma-focused therapy if history of abuse or PTSD
2. Stress Management
- Mindfulness, relaxation techniques, and counseling
- Lifestyle modification to reduce triggers
3. Medical Management
- Anti-epileptic drugs usually not effective unless co-existing epilepsy
- Treat underlying cardiac, metabolic, or neurological conditions
4. Multidisciplinary Approach
- Neurologist, psychiatrist, psychologist collaboration
- Patient education about nature of condition
Goal: reduce frequency, improve coping, and prevent unnecessary medications।
रोकथाम (Prevention)
- Early recognition of psychological stress or trauma
- Coping strategies for anxiety and depression
- Regular follow-up with mental health professionals
- Avoid triggers and stressful environments where possible
सावधानियाँ (Precautions)
- Do not ignore recurrent seizure-like episodes
- Avoid driving or operating machinery until diagnosis is clear
- Ensure safe environment during seizures to prevent injury
- Follow prescribed therapy and counseling sessions
FAQs (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न)
Q1. NES और epilepsy में फर्क कैसे पता चले?
NES में EEG normal रहता है, triggers emotional होते हैं, और post-episode confusion कम होता है।
Q2. क्या NES life-threatening है?
Usually life-threatening नहीं, लेकिन injury during episode और misdiagnosis से complications हो सकते हैं।
Q3. Anti-epileptic drugs काम करते हैं?
PNES में नहीं, केवल co-existing epilepsy में।
Q4. Recovery possible है?
हाँ, psychotherapy, stress management, और supportive care से symptoms improve या resolve हो सकते हैं।
निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
Non-Epileptic Seizures (नॉन-एपिलेप्टिक सीज़र्स) एक psychogenic / physiological condition है जो epilepsy जैसी लगती है।
Accurate diagnosis, psychotherapy, stress management, और multidisciplinary care से symptoms control और quality of life improve की जा सकती है।
अगर किसी को recurrent seizure-like episodes या emotional triggers दिखाई दें, तो तुरंत neurologist और psychiatrist से consultation जरूरी है।